Embedded Files
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Chairman & Members
Chairman & Members
Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr Ng Chui Kim
Members:
Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr Ho Mui Yen
Ts. Dr Chew Khoon Hee
Ts. Dr Ong Thai Kiat
Ts. Dr Chan Ming Yeng
Dr Tan Kang Huai
Dr Lee Yap Chen
Dr Ng Yong Sing
Dr Intan Fatihah Binti Ahmad
Dr Ho Shuh Huey
Dr Mohammad Khairul Azmi Bin Mohd Kassim
Dr Wong Dannee
Objectives
Objectives
To foster and facilitate research and development (R&D) activities in advanced materials.
Vision Statement
Vision Statement
To be a globally recognized centre of excellence in research and development of advanced materials that can be beneficial to our country’s economy and infrastructure.
Rationale and Research Plan
The centre will conduct research and develop applications with commercial potential in the following areas:
Advanced ceramics (bioceramics, electroceramics)
Nanomaterials
Corrosion resistant coating
Polymeric composites
Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells
Semiconductor packaging
Geopolymer
Bioscience
Welding materials
Powder metallurgy
Operations and Activities
Our research team is presently involved in the development of advanced ceramics with applications in biomedical and high-temperature fields. Furthermore, we are exploring energy materials suitable for fuel cells and ultracapacitors, as well as nanomaterials that have potential uses in coatings, sensing technologies, solar cells, and advancements in biomedicine. We have achieved successful synthesis of diverse types of advanced materials, including bioceramics, graphene-based materials, conducting polymers, and nanostructured metal oxides. These accomplishments have been made feasible through the adoption of cost-effective synthesis and fabrication techniques, including 3D printing, ball milling, hydrothermal processes, ultrasonication, sonochemical techniques, electrochemical methods, microwave heating, and polycondensation.
Funding/Research Activities
Principal Investigator: Ir. Dr. Ng Chui Kim
Faculty: Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FOET)
Type of Grant: Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)
Project Title: Evaluating the Compatibility and Interaction Mechanism of Biowaste-Derived Hydroxyapatite Composites as Feedstock for Material Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
Duration: 01.08.2024 - 31.07.2026 (2 years)
Approved Budget: RM 84,615.00
Principal Investigator: Dr. Chan Ming Yeng
Faculty: Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FOET)
Type of Grant: TAR UMT Internal Research Grant
Project Title: Fabrication of Recycled Polymer Composite Filament from Post-Consumer Plastic and Utensil for Fused Deposition Modeling
Duration: 01.03.2023 - 28.02.2025 (2 years)
Approved Budget: RM 118,475.00
Principal Investigator: Dr Ng Chui Kim
Faculty: Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FOET)
Type of Grant: TAR UMT internal grant
Project Title: Synthesis and Sintering of Biowaste-derived Hydroxyapatite
Duration: 1.8.2021- 31.7.2023 (2 years)
Approved Budget: RM91,800.00
Principal Investigator: Dr Chew Khoon Hee
Faculty: Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FOET)
Type of Grant: Industrial grant –Top Glove International Sdn. Bhd.
Project Title: Renewable Filler as Glove Reinforcing Agent
Duration: 1.11.2020- 31.07.2023 (2 year 8 months)
Approved Budget: RM 88,472.00
Principal investigator: Dr Ho Mui Yen
Faculty: Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FOET)
Type of Grant: TAR UMT internal grant
Project Title: Graphene Based Ternary Electrode for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing Applications
Duration: 01.04.2018 - 31.03.2020 (2 years)
Approved Budget: RM 73,600.00
Postgraduate Supervision
Postgraduate Supervision
Master of Engineering Science (TAR UMT)
Student Name: Teoh Min Wei
Title: Synthesis and Sintering of Biowaste-Derived Hydroyapatite
Supervision: Dr. Ng Chui Kim (Main)
Status: Completed
Student Name: Kannan A/L Velo
Title: Renewable Filler as Glove Reinforcing Agent
Supervision: Dr. Chew Khoon Hee (Main)
Status: Completed
Student Name: Leong Khok Lun
Title: Graphene Based Ternary Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing Application
Supervision: Dr. Ho Mui Yen (Main)
Status: Completed
Publication on Environmental Sustainability
TITLE: Valorisation of food waste into building and construction materials.
SOURCE: Valorisation of Food Waste
AUTHOR: Ng Chui Kim (Co-Author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 12
CITATION: Hong, W.T., Ng, C.K. and Johnson, O.A., 2025. Valorisation of food waste into building and construction materials. In Valorisation of Food Waste (pp. 16-34). CRC Press.
ABSTRACT: Valorisation of food waste into building materials is an innovative and sustainable approach addressing food waste management and resource conservation in the construction industry. This chapter first examines the multifaceted impacts of food waste valorisation into building materials, highlighting the environmental and socio-economic imperatives of this action compared to the traditional food disposal methods. Next, it discusses the potential for repurposing various types of food and green waste into valuable construction materials. It also addresses technical challenges, considerations and limitations in converting these materials for industrial applications. Two proposed case studies using rice husk and potato peels are presented with production processes, practical applications, and benefits of using food waste-derived materials in the construction industry. The product’s quality shall follow the standard set for the similar product and not be based on raw materials.
SDG
TITLE: Effect of sintering holding times and temperatures on the densification of
hydroxyapatite derived from chicken bones.
SOURCE: AIP Conference Proceedings
AUTHOR: Ng Chui Kim (Co-Author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12
CITATION: Lee, K.S., Ng, C.K., Yong, H.J., Ting, C.H. and Ramesh, S., 2025, October. Effect of sintering holding times and temperatures on the densification of hydroxyapatite derived from chicken bones. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3324, No. 1, p. 020005). AIP Publishing LLC.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0290047
ABSTRACT: In this study, the effects of holding times on the densification and Vickers hardness of hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from chicken bones were investigated. The chicken bones were collected, cleaned, and calcined in air at 1000°C for 3 hours to obtain HA powder. The calcined powder was then pressed into pellets and subjected to various sintering temperatures (1100, 1150, 1200, 1250°C) and sintering holding times (2, 3, 4 hours). Densification and Vickers hardness tests were conducted on the sintered HA samples. The results indicated that the relative density of HA generally increased with sintering temperatures from 1100 to 1150°C, regardless of the holding times. The relative density of HA samples reached about 88% at 1200 and 1250°C, when held for 2, 3, and 4 hours. The study also found that sintering at 1200°C with a 2-hour holding time achieved the optimum Vickers hardness of 2.87 GPa. Increasing the sintering holding times to 3 and 4 hours resulted in detrimental effects on hardness, with maximum hardness values generally less than 2.38 GPa, regardless of the sintering temperatures. The study revealed that the effect of holding times did not significantly enhance the densification of HA samples. Sintering at 1200°C with a 2-hour holding time is optimal, resulting in a densification of 88% and a Vickers hardness of about 3 GPa.
SDG
TITLE: Synthesis and Characterization of Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite via
Emulsion Method.
SOURCE: AIP Conference Proceedings
AUTHOR: Ng Chui Kim (Co-Author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12
CITATION: Chuah, Y.Y., Ng, C.K., Teoh, M.W., Chuah, Y.D., Ting, C.H., Lim, I.Y., Sutharsini, U. and Alexander, C.H.C., 2024, August. Synthesis and characterization of eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite via emulsion method. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol.3161, No. 1, p. 020116). AIP Publishing LLC.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229517
ABSTRACT: The disposal of biowaste such as animal bones and shells has been a growing concern. To tackle sustainability concerns, this study explores the utilization of eggshells as calcium precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA). Eggshells were subjected to calcination at 1000 °C for 3 hours and 6 hours to obtain calcium oxide, which was then used to synthesize HA through an emulsion method. The FTIR spectra of the synthesized HA closely resembling the characteristic peaks of HA reported in literature. The resulting HA from eggshell-derived calcium oxide displayed flake-like structures, while its sintered counterparts exhibited a porous structure, which are potentially advantageous for bone attachment and regeneration. The sintered HA pellet using 6-hour eggshell-derived calcium oxide showed a higher Ca/P ratio (1.13) and relative density (71.8%), compared to 3-hour calcination process. Despite deviating significantly from the stoichiometric Ca/P ratio of 1.67, the EDS spectra closely resembled literature values. Further research could explore the practical implementations of eggshell-derived HA in various biomedical and biomaterials development and waste management.
SDG
TITLE: An Investigation into the Potential Capabilities of a YSZ-SDCC Composite Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
SOURCE: Journal of Advanced Research in Experimental Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer
AUTHOR: Tan Kang Huai (Co-Author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12, 13
CITATION: Rahman, N.F.A., Sofi, M.H.M., Rahman, H.A., Yusop, U.A.M., Azmi, M.A., Tan, K.H. and Elshaikh, M.A.E.A., 2025. An Investigation into the Potential Capabilities of a YSZ-SDCC Composite Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Journal of Advanced Research in Experimental Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, 18(1), pp.14-25.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.37934/arefmht.18.1.1425
ABSTRACT: In the past few years, many researchers have focused on using recycled or post-consumer materials in three-dimensional (3D) printing, which leads to better plastic waste management and sustainable practices. This study focuses on the fabrication of post-consumer polypropylene (rPP) filaments for use in the most common 3D printing method, fused filament fabrication (FFF). The rPP filaments were prepared by blending injection-grade rPP (i-rPP) and extrusion-grade rPP (e-rPP) at various ratios. The effect of different rPP grade ratios on filament diameter consistency, filament ovality, and melt flow index (MFI) was measured. The various ratios of i-rPP to e-rPP, such as 100:0, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 0:100, were prepared. The 50:50 ratio was found as the starting point for achieving a consistent filament diameter. The MFI results showed that the MFI decreases when more e-rPP is incorporated in the blend. The tensile properties of 3D printed 50:50 rPP blend are also measured and compared with commercial PP. Overall, this research exhibits the potential of upcycling PP waste materials into functional filaments for sustainable 3D printing applications.
SDG
TITLE: A Comparative Study of Fused Filament Fabrication Using Recycled Polystyrene and Commercial High-Impact Polystyrene
SOURCE: International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials
AUTHOR: Chan Ming Yeng (Co-author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12, 13
CITATION: Calista, N.H.T., Koay, S.C., Chan, M.Y., Ting, C.H. and Felicia, W.Y.M., 2025. A Comparative Study of Fused Filament Fabrication Using Recycled Polystyrene and Commercial High-Impact Polystyrene. International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM), 18(December), pp.115-124.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.58915/ijneam.v18iDecember.2815
ABSTRACT: Discarded expanded polystyrene (EPS) poses significant environmental challenges due to its accumulation in landfills and resistance to degradation. Upcycling EPS into 3D-printable recycled polystyrene (rPS) filament for use in fused filament fabrication (FFF) shows a promising sustainable solution. This study explores the mechanical recycling of EPS into rPS resin, which is then extruded into 3D-printable filament using a 3DEVO filament maker. A key focus is on studying the filament’s properties and the properties of its printed specimen. Filament diameter was monitored in real-time during extrusion using DevoVision software. The results showed that the rPS filament achieved an average diameter of 1.75 mm with a standard deviation of ±0.03 mm when extruded at 200 °C. Extrusion at temperatures above 200 °C resulted in filament diameters exceeding 1.75 mm. Specimens printed with rPS filament exhibited higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break, but lower impact strength compared to those printed with commercial high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) filament. Micrographs show that HIPS is a more ductile material, which contributes to its better impact strength. However, due to poor layer adhesion during printing, it exhibited lower tensile properties. The onset and maximum decomposition temperature of rPS did not show a significant change during the recycling process from EPS to filament. The onset decomposition temperature was above printing temperature, thus it did not limit the use of rPS for FFF printing applications. Despite HIPS displaying greater thermal stability, rPS still demonstrates strong potential as a sustainable printing material, and its applications include printing prototypes and serving as a support material in 3D printing, since it can be dissolved in acetone.
SDG
TITLE: A Comparative Study in Fused Filament Fabrication Using Commercial and Recycled High-Density Polyethylene
SOURCE: Journal of Physical Science
AUTHOR: Chan Ming Yeng (Co-author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12, 13
CITATION: Quek, C.Y., Calista, N.H.T., Chai, J.Y., Lee, Z.Y., Khaw, M.Y., Ting, C.H., Koay, S.C. and Chan, M.Y., 2025. A Comparative Study in Fused Filament Fabrication Using Commercial and Recycled High-Density Polyethylene. Journal of Physical Science, 36(3), pp.1-14.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.58915/ijneam.v18iDecember.2815
ABSTRACT: The recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) has the potential to be used as a sustainable printing material for fused filament fabrication (FFF). The main challenges producing 3D printable filament from recycled plastic include maintaining a consistent filament-like diameter and ovality, ensuring the printability of the material and achieving adequate mechanical strength in the printed part. This study compares the printability, filament geometry, melt flow index (MFI) and tensile properties of printed specimens using rHDPE and commercial HDPE filaments. The research successfully produced 3D printing filament from rHDPE at 220 C, which was compatible with FFF printing. However, rHDPE filament exhibited significantly higher diameter deviations and filament ovality compared to commercial HDPE filament. During printing, both rHDPE and commercial HDPE specimens experienced warping at the bottom layers, a common challenge in 3D printing high-crystalline thermoplastic materials. rHDPE had a lower MFI value than commercial HDPE, allowing it to be printed at a lower temperature. For optimal tensile strength and modulus, both materials performed best when printed at 230 C. However, printed specimens made from rHDPE showed lower tensile strength and modulus than those made from commercial HDPE filament. This study highlights the feasibility of using rHDPE as a feedstock for FFF printing while addressing the challenges related to filament geometry, warpage and mechanical properties.
SDG
TITLE: Performance of alkali-activated concrete activated by silica fume-sodium silicate from different synthesis regimes: Mechanical, microstructural, and durability insights
SOURCE: Journal of Physical Science
AUTHOR: Ng Yong Sing (Co-author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 12, 13
CITATION: Ee, T. L., Ban, C. C., Ramli, M., bin Md Akil, H., Hung, M. K., Sing, N. Y., & How, T. T. (2025). Performance of alkali-activated concrete activated by silica fume-sodium silicate from different synthesis regimes: Mechanical, microstructural, and durability insights. Construction and Building Materials, 504, 144443.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.144443
ABSTRACT: Sodium silicate is one of the most common alkali activators for alkali-activated concrete (AAC). The production of sodium silicate leaves a high carbon footprint, which forms the basis for continuing research with a view to alternative synthesis methods using industrial waste materials. In this study, a low-temperature approach to synthesize sodium silicate from industrial by-product silica fume is described, thus eliminating high-temperature processing. Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of AAC activated by different Silica fume-sodium silicate were studied. The Silica fume-sodium silicate were produced under different synthesis regimes, including ultrasonication, heating, and combined methods. The functional groups of resulting Silica fume-sodium silicate were analyzed through FTIR, while UPV, compressive strength, and flexural strength were performed to assess the AAC performance. SEM was done to check the hydration products formed in the AAC. The method of ultrasonication under room temperature (SRT) appeared to provide the best performance compared to other methods with respect to compressive strength, achieving about 34 MPa by day 28.
SDG
TITLE: Performance of alkali-activated concrete activated by silica fume-sodium silicate from different synthesis regimes: Mechanical, microstructural, and durability insights
SOURCE: Journal of Physical Science
AUTHOR: Ng Yong Sing (Co-author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 12, 13
CITATION: Ee, T. L., Ban, C. C., Ramli, M., bin Md Akil, H., Hung, M. K., Sing, N. Y., & How, T. T. (2025). Performance of alkali-activated concrete activated by silica fume-sodium silicate from different synthesis regimes: Mechanical, microstructural, and durability insights. Construction and Building Materials, 504, 144443.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.144443
ABSTRACT: Sodium silicate is one of the most common alkali activators for alkali-activated concrete (AAC). The production of sodium silicate leaves a high carbon footprint, which forms the basis for continuing research with a view to alternative synthesis methods using industrial waste materials. In this study, a low-temperature approach to synthesize sodium silicate from industrial by-product silica fume is described, thus eliminating high-temperature processing. Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of AAC activated by different Silica fume-sodium silicate were studied. The Silica fume-sodium silicate were produced under different synthesis regimes, including ultrasonication, heating, and combined methods. The functional groups of resulting Silica fume-sodium silicate were analyzed through FTIR, while UPV, compressive strength, and flexural strength were performed to assess the AAC performance. SEM was done to check the hydration products formed in the AAC. The method of ultrasonication under room temperature (SRT) appeared to provide the best performance compared to other methods with respect to compressive strength, achieving about 34 MPa by day 28.
SDG
TITLE: Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single‐use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication.
SOURCE: Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology
AUTHOR: Chang Ming Yeng (Co-Author) RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12
CITATION: Yap, L.K., Chun, K.S., Yeng, C.M., Kiat, O.T., Huey, H.S., Hunt, T.C. and Meng, P.M., 2024. Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single‐use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication. Journal of Vinyl and
Additive Technology, 30(2), pp.620-634.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22074
ABSTRACT: Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular 3D printing approaches among end-users due to its lower cost, ease of operation, and wide range of material choices. However, the use of composite filament produced from recycled plastic and agriculture waste is still relatively uncommon. This research focuses on developing composite filament from corn husk fiber (CHF) and recycled single-use polypropylene for FFF. In this work, neat recycled polypropylene (rPP) and rPP/CHF composites were extruded into filament for FFF printing. It was observed that increasing the CHF content would reduce the print quality of the parts, as visible air gaps and voids were found on the printed surface and within the layers. Nevertheless, these issues were able to be overcome by adjusting the printing temperature and increasing the extrusion percentage during the printing process. The melt flow index results indicate that a higher CHF content would reduce the melt flow of the extruded rPP/CHF composite during printing, potentially affecting the quality of the printed parts. On the other hand, increasing the temperature enhanced the melt flow of the composite, which was beneficial for the printing process. When a small amount of CHF was added to the rPP, the printed part exhibited the highest tensile strength due to the reinforcing effect of the fibers. However, the tensile strength of printed parts using rPP/CHF composite filament decreased with higher CHF content. Additionally, higher CHF content resulted in printed composite parts that were more rigid and stiffer. It also reduced warpage on the printed specimens made with this composite, but it is important to note that warpage of the printed specimen is not directly correlated to crystallinity caused by nucleating effect of CHF. The rPP/CHF composite filament did exhibit earlier thermal degradation due to the addition of more CHF. However, this should not affect the printing process when temperature not beyond 230°C. This study highlights the potential of utilizing single-use PP and fibers extracted from corn husk as feedstock for 3D printing. The findings expand the possibilities for recycling and employing agricultural waste in sustainable additive manufacturing processes.
SDG
TITLE: Mathematical modeling and experiment verification for the Solid oxide Fuel Cell Mn1. 5Co1. 5O4 interconnect coating
SOURCE: Materials Letters
AUTHOR: Tan Kang Huai (Main Author)
RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 7,9
CITATION: Huai, T.K., Lowrance, Y., Abd Rahman, N.F., Yusop, U.A., Abd Rahman, H., Jaidi, Z., Tukimon, M.F. and Azami, M.S.M., 2024. Mathematical modeling and experiment verification for the Solid oxide Fuel Cell Mn1. 5Co1. 5O4 interconnect coating. Materials Letters, 358, p.135825.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.135825
ABSTRACT: This study presents a new mathematical modeling study for interconnect oxidation analysis. A protective coating Mn1.5Co1.5O4 with different thicknessessare applied on ferritic stainless steel interconnect to address the chromium poisoning issue. Different Mn1.5Co1.5O4 coating thicknesses are applied. The coatings are assessed by surface morphology and phase structure. Developing coatings with various thicknesses is successful while maintaining consistent crystalline phases and coating morphology. The average coating thickness achieved at 35v for deposition times of 20, 30, and 40 s are 53.38 μm, 68.13 μm, and 85.13 μm, respectively. The coating thickness, 68.13 μm yields the lowest area specific resistance of 0.0469 Ω cm2 after 400 h of oxidation at 800 °C, compared to 0.0532 Ω cm2 and 0.0477 Ω cm2 for 53.38 μm and 85.13 μm The weight gains of the coated samples are recorded mathematically.This modeling approach results in a low weight gain and low oxidation kinetic rate of 0.139 mg cm−2 and 21.55 × 10−15 g2 cm−4 s−1, respectively for 68.13 μm coating thickness It predicts an area-specific resistance of 0.0451 Ωcm2 for the 35v 30 s coating, which is close to 0.0469 Ωcm2 experimental data.
SDG
TITLE: Turning waste into strength: Enhancing geopolymer composites with Oil Palm Frond Fibers (OPF).
SOURCE: International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM)
AUTHOR: NG YONG SING (Co-Author)
RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 12, 13
CITATION: Hui-Teng, N., Yun-Ming, L., Cheng-Yong, H., Jin, T.S., How, T.Y., Roslan, M.A.A.B.M., Zulkepli, S.K.B. and Yong-Sing, N., 2024. Turning waste into strength: Enhancing geopolymer composites with Oil Palm Frond Fibers (OPF). International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM), 17(4), pp.576-583.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.58915/ijneam.v17i4.1296
ABSTRACT: Geopolymers are alternatives to ordinary Portland cement as construction materials. The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven the utilization of industrial by-products and agricultural waste. The disposal of oil palm frond (OPF) biomass as waste in landfills poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating effective recycling strategies. This study examines the incorporation and feasibility of OPF as a reinforcing fiber in fly ash geopolymer composites, examining its impact on physical and mechanical properties. Various parameters were tested, including fiber content (10–20 wt.%), shapes (shredded and tubular), and lengths (1–3 cm). The geopolymer composites with 10 wt.% shredded oil palm frond and 1-cm tubular oil palm frond fibers enhance the compressive strength by 17% compared to the control sample without oil palm frond. The shredded oil palm frond was particularly effective, enhancing strength performance and achieving better dispersion within the geopolymer matrix. Conversely, increasing the fiber content and length generally resulted in diminished composite strength, attributed to the creation of a more porous structure and weaker fiber-matrix interactions. However, lower fiber additions were shown to decrease porosity and water absorption, highlighting the potential of optimized oil palm frond fiber content and form in improving the environmental and mechanical performance of geopolymer composites. These results support the viability of oil palm frond as a sustainable additive in geopolymers, contributing to waste reduction and material innovation in construction.
SDG
TITLE: Synthesis and Characterization of Chicken Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite Incorporating Pectin
SOURCE: Chemical Engineering & Technology
AUTHOR: NG CHUI KIM (Main Author)
RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12
CITATION: Teoh, M.W., Ng, C.K., Lee, K.Y.S., Singh, R., Ting, C.H., Chuah, Y.D., Lim, Y.I., Tan, C.Y. and Yeo, W.H., 2023. Synthesis and characterization of chicken bone‐derived hydroxyapatite incorporating pectin. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 46(12), pp.2504-2512.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202300019
ABSTRACT: Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized from chicken bone waste by calcination. Pectin was extracted from orange peels by microwave irradiation, and 1 and 3 wt % of pectin was incorporated into the HA. The resulting powders were then pressed into disk samples before being sintered at temperatures of 1050, 1150, and 1250 °C for 2 h. Various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, density measurement, and Vickers microhardness tests, were used to evaluate the characteristics and mechanical properties of the samples. The incorporation of pectin did not interfere with the pure phases of HA, and minimal amounts of β-tricalcium phosphate were detected in the XRD patterns. Both ball milling and the addition of pectin effectively reduced the particle size of HA. However, the addition of pectin above 1 wt % did not contribute significantly to the densification and hardness of chicken bone-derived HA (CHA) compared with ball-milled CHA. Samples sintered at 1050 °C had the lowest relative density, owing to incomplete particle fusion. Increasing the sintering temperature resulted in a maximum relative density of ca. 95 % and a Vickers microhardness of 4.12 GPa for ball-milled CHA samples sintered at 1250 °C. Sintering temperature and ball milling were observed to play a more significant role in the densification and hardness of CHA compared with the addition of pectin.
SDG
TITLE: Characterization and Sintering Properties of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics Synthesized From Clamshell Biowaste
SOURCE: IIUM Engineering Journal
AUTHOR: NG CHUI KIM (Main Author)
RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12
CITATION: Ng, C.K., Lee, S.K.Y., Tan, C.H., Singh, R.A.M.E.S.H., Ting, C.H., Chuah, Y.D., Tan, C.Y. and SUTHARSINI, U., 2022. Characterization and sintering properties of hydroxyapatite bioceramics synthesized from clamshell biowaste. IIUM Engineering Journal, 23(2), pp.228-236.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2143
ABSTRACT: Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a type of calcium phosphate-based bioactive ceramic that resembles the mineral phase of bone and teeth with great potential for bone substitution and biomedical implants. Biogenic-derived HA emerges as a cheap and eco-sustainable alternative to improve waste utilization. However, hydroxyapatite has limited applications due to its apparent brittleness, thus prompting investigation for enhanced sintering properties. In the present study, the combination of calcination and chemical precipitation technique was used to extract hydroxyapatite (HA) from ark clamshells (Anadara granosa). The method successfully produced HA powder with a Ca/P ratio of 1.6 and characteristic bands corresponded to pure HA via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized HA powder was then sintered at temperatures ranging from 1200 °C to 1300 °C, followed by mechanical evaluation of the density, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and grain size. It was revealed that the samples sintered at 1250 °C achieved a relative density of ~88%, Vickers hardness of 5.01 ± 0.39 GPa, fracture toughness of 0.88 ± 0.07 MPa.m1/2 and average grain size of ~3.7 µm. Overall, the results suggest that ark clamshell synthesized HA (ACS) had the potential to be used as functional bioceramics for biomedical applications.
SDG
TITLE: Synthesis of Graphene / Silver/ Molybdenum Disulphide Composite for Supercapacitor Application
SOURCE: Materials Science Forum
AUTHOR: HO MUI YEN (Main Author)
RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 7,9
CITATION: Tan, S.Y., Yen, H.M., Leong, K.L., Ong, W. and Lim, J.X., 2022, March. Synthesis of Graphene/Silver/Molybdenum Disulphide Composite for Supercapacitor Application. In Materials Science Forum (Vol. 1054, pp. 21-30). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-u48e5d
ABSTRACT: In this study, pristine graphene/silver/molybdenum disulphide (G/Ag/MoS2) and reduced graphene oxide/silver/molybdenum disulphide (rGO/Ag/MoS2) composites materials were prepared via green solvothermal synthesis method and evaluated as supercapacitor electrodes. The morphology and structure of composites were examined by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. SEM and TEM indicate successful reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to spherical Ag nanoparticles (NPs) by sodium citrate. The Ag NPs were observed to be evenly deposited on sheets of rGO and MoS2. From the XPS analysis, the spherical Ag NPs exist in zero-valent state, reflecting successful reduction. Based on cyclic voltammetry (CV) performed under 50 mV/s scan rate, G/Ag/MoS2 ternary composite exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 56.38 F/g which is 31 % and 29 % enhancement in specific capacitance of rGO/Ag/MoS2 ternary composite and Ag/MoS2 binary composite, respectively. It is believed that the presence of graphene may provide conductive pathway and a larger surface area for the distribution of Ag NPs.
SDG
TITLE: 3D polymer composite filament development from post-consumer polypropylene and disposable chopstick fillers
SOURCE: Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology
AUTHOR: Ts. Dr Chan Ming Yeng (Main Author)
RESEARCH CENTRE: CAM
SDG: 9, 12
CITATION: Tan, Y.A., Chan, M.Y., Koay, S.C. and Ong, T.K., 2023. 3D polymer composite filament development from post‐consumer polypropylene and disposable chopstick fillers. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 29(5), pp.909-922.
PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22026
ABSTRACT: This study focused on the development of three-dimensional (3D) polymer composite filament made of disposable chopstick (DC) and post-consumer polypropylene (PPP). The PPP/DC composite parts were printed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The effect of the printing temperature and different DC fiber content on the properties of the 3D printed parts were investigated. The printing temperature of 200–220°C was suitable for these filaments because the printing temperature did not show any thermal degradation, as proven by thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the 3D filament increased with DC content. The chemical modification with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was carried out on DC to remove the unwanted organic components by showing changes in peak intensity in the Fourier transform infrared analysis. Moreover, the melt flow index of the composite filaments decreased with increasing of the DC content and caused the composites' viscosity increased. The results show that the optimum printing temperature of 210°C would reduce the warping and gave better tensile properties to the 3D printed parts. Nevertheless, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the 3D printed PPP/DC parts reduced as the DC content increased because the presence of some air gap and fiber pull out on the fracture surface of 3D printed parts, which are in line with the results observed from scanning electron microscopy. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break percentage of all 3D printed PPP/DC composite parts were higher in comparison with the 3D parts printed by commercial wood plastic composite filament.
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Ho, M.Y., Khiew, P.S., Isa, D., Chiu, W.S. and Chia, C.H., 2017. Solvothermal synthesis of molybdenum oxide on liquid-phase exfoliated graphene composite electrodes for aqueous supercapacitor application. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28, pp.6907-6918. https://DOI:10.1007/s10854-017-6391-y
M.Y. Ho, P.S. Khiew, D. Isa, T.K. Tan, W.S. Chiu, C.H. Chia. Charge storage performance of lithiated iron phosphate/activated carbon composite as symmetrical electrode for electrochemical capacitor. Current Applied Physics. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2014.09.001
Mui Yen Ho, Poi Sim Khiew, Dino Isa, and Wee Siong Chiu. Electrochemical studies on nanometal oxide-activated carbon composite electrodes for aqueous supercapacitors. Functional Materials Letters. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793604714400128
M Y Ho, P S Khiew, D Isa, W S Chiu, M.A.A.Hamid & R.Shamsudin. Nano Fe3O4 - Activated Carbon Composites for Aqueous Supercapacitors. Sains Malaysiana. 2014. https://www.ukm.my/jsm/pdf_files/SM-PDF-43-6-2014/10%20M.Y.%20Ho.pdf
Y. Ho, P. S. Khiew, D. Isa, T. K. Tan, W. S. Chiu, And C. H. Chia. A Review of Metal Oxide Composite Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors. Nano. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793292014300023
Tan, Y.A., Chan, M.Y., Koay, S.C. and Ong, T.K., 2023. 3D polymer composite filament development from post‐consumer polypropylene and disposable chopstick fillers. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22026
Lee Hong, C., Ming Yeng, C., Seong Chun, K. and Thai Kiat, O., 2023. Denim fabric-reinforced unsaturated polyester: effect of different fabrication methods on mechanical properties and water absorption properties. Polymer Bulletin, pp.1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04845-y
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K. Ong, K. Y. Tshai, P. S. Khiew, and E. H. Yap, “Thermal and mechanical properties of chemically treated oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites,” Materwiss. Werksttech., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 240–247, Mar. 2019.
C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, P. M. Chou, K. Y. Tshai, T. K. Ong, and K. H. Cheah, “Effect of Coupling Agent Content on Properties of Composites Made from Polylactic Acid and Chrysanthemum Waste,” J. Vinyl Addit. Technol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 86–93, 2019.
K. Ong, K. Y. Tshai, H. L. Choo, P. S. Khiew, and S. L. Chung, “Mechanical performance and biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films,” Materwiss. Werksttech., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 740–749, 2020.
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Mir Md, S.S., Chan, M.Y. and Koay, S.C., 2021. Mechanical properties of polyester/corn husk fibre composite produced using vacuum infusion technique. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 29(9_suppl), pp.S1532-S1540. DOI: 10.1177/09673911211056782 .
Tan, C.S., Chan, M.Y. and Koay, S.C., 2021. Preliminary Study of the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Fibres Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites. Journal of Physical Science, 32(3), pp. 45-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.3.4
Yap, P.V., Chan, M.Y. and Koay, S.C., 2021. Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Multi-materials ABS/PC Parts: Effect of Printing Parameters. Journal of Physical Science, 32(2), pp. 87-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.7
Tong, D.J.Y., Koay, S.C., Chan, M.Y., Tshai, K.Y., Ong, T.K. and Buys, Y.F., 2021. Conductive Polymer Composites Made from Polypropylene and Recycled Graphite Scrap. Journal of Physical Science, 32(3), pp.31-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.3.3
Yusoff, N. I. S. M., Wahit, M. U., Tham, W. H., Wong, T. W., Lee, X. Y., & Jamaludin, F. H. (2022). Biodegradable polymer blends and composites for biomedical applications. In Biodegradable Polymers, Blends and Composites (pp. 573-590). Woodhead Publishing.
Leong, K.L., Ho, M.Y., Lee, X.Y. and Yee, M.S.L., (2020). A review on the development of non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on graphene-based nanocomposites. Nano, 15(11), p.2030004.
Yusop, U. A., Osman, M. N. F., Ghani, M. Z. I. A., Azmi, M. A., Huai, T. K., Baharuddin, N. A., & Abd Rahman, H. (2023). Characterisation And Area-Specific Resistance Analysis Of Barium Strontium Cobalt Ferrite-Samarium Doped Ceria Carbonate-Argentum For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Malaysian Journal Of Microscopy, 19(1), 214-225.
Jaidi, Z., Azmi, M. A., Abd Rahman, H., Huai, T. K., Yusop, U. A., Ghani, M. Z. I. A., & Roslan, M. F. (2023). The Effect Of Milling Duration To The Structural Properties Of Silica From Rice Husk. Malaysian Journal Of Microscopy, 19(1), 193-201.
Tan, M.C., Chan, C.S., Lai, W.K., Chew, K.H. and Chua, P.Y., 2018. A novel computer vision approach to classify the mechanical stability of natural rubber latex concentrate. Intelligent Decision Technologies, 12(3), pp.323-334.
Yap, L.K., Chun, K.S., Yeng, C.M., Kiat, O.T., Huey, H.S., Hunt, T.C. and Meng, P.M., 2024. Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single‐use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 30(2), pp.620-634. PUBLICATION LINK: https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22074
Hui-Teng, N., Yun-Ming, L., Cheng-Yong, H., Jin, T.S., How, T.Y., Roslan, M.A.A.B.M., Zulkepli, S.K.B. and Yong-Sing, N., 2024. Turning waste into strength: Enhancing geopolymer composites with Oil Palm Frond Fibers (OPF). International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM), 17(4), pp.576-583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58915/ijneam.v17i4.1296
Tan, K.H, Lowrance, Y., Abd Rahman, N.F., Yusop, U.A., Abd Rahman, H., Jaidi, Z., Tukimon, M.F. and Azami, M.S.M., 2024. Mathematical modeling and experiment verification for the Solid oxide Fuel Cell Mn1. 5Co1. 5O4 interconnect coating. Materials Letters, 358, p.135825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.135825
Conference Proceedings
Lee, K.S., Ng, C.K., Yong, H.J., Ting, C.H. and Ramesh, S., 2025, October. Effect of sintering holding times and temperatures on the densification of hydroxyapatite derived from chicken bones. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3324, No. 1, p. 020005). AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0290047
Wong, Z.Q., Yeo, W.H., Tey, J.Y., Ang, X., Ting, C.H., Ng, C.K., Yew, M.C. and Purbolaksono, J., 2025, October. Effect of TiO2 on the sinterability of alumina ceramic produced from direct ink writing. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3324, No. 1, p. 020009). AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0290102
Chuah, Y.Y., Ng, C.K., Teoh, M.W., Chuah, Y.D., Ting, C.H., Lim, I.Y., Sutharsini, U. and Alexander, C.H.C., 2024, August. Synthesis and characterization of eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite via emulsion method. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3161, No. 1, p. 020116). AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229517
Sutharsini, U., Kopika, P., Mohanapriya, K., Janani, A., Thanihaichelvan, M., Ng, C.K. and Ramasenderan, N., 2024, August. Sintering properties of ZnO-TiO2 composite. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3161, No. 1, p. 020107). AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229374
Teoh, M.W., Ng, C.K., Lee, S.K., Ramesh, S., Ting, C.H., Chuah, Y.D., Lim, I.Y., Tan, C.Y. and Sutharsini, U., 2023. Densification behaviors of hydroxyapatite/pectin bio-ceramics. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.388
Teoh, M.W., Ng, C.K., Lee, K.Y., Ramesh, S., Ting, C.H., Chuah, Y.D., Tan, C.Y. and Sutharsini, U., 2023, January. Effect of pectin integration in biowaste chicken bones to produce hydroxyapatite. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2643, No. 1). AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110307
Yuze, I.L., Ng, C.K., Poon, K.L., Ting, C.H., Ramesh, S., Chuah, Y.D., Tan, C.Y., Lee, K.Y. and Sutharsini, U., 2023, January. Effects of sintering on the properties of ceria co-doped scandia stabilised zirconia. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2643, No. 1). AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110315
Wanniarachchi, W.A., Janani, V., Sutharsini, U., Thanihaichelvan, M., Ramesh, S. and Ng, C.K., 2023, January. Synthesis and sintering studies of hydroxyapatite derived from biogenic waste materials. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2643, No. 1). AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0113860
Lee, K.S., Ya'akub, S.R.P., Ng, C.K. and Ramesh, S., 2022. Low-temperature degradation behaviour of microwave sintered CuO-doped Y-TZP ceramics. Materials Today: Proceedings, 66, pp.2791-2795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.517
Theenagaran, S., Ting, C.H., Chin, K.L., Yeo, W.H., Ng, C.K., Ramesh, S. and Teng, W.D., 2021, March. The effects of sintering additives on the sintering of 3Y-TZP ceramic. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1117, No. 1, p. 012010). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1117/1/012010
Theenagaran, S., Chin, K.L., Jun, H.K., Liang, M.S., Ng, C.K., Ramesh, S., Teng, W.D. and Ting, C.H., 2020, March. Influence of sintering profile on the mechanical properties of manganese oxide doped 3Y-TZP. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 463, No. 1, p. 012094). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/463/1/012094
Lim, J.X., Ong, T.K., Ng, C.K., Chua, I.W., Lee, Y.B., Yap, Z.Y. and Bakar, R.A., 2021, December. Development of particleboard from green coconut waste. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2120, No. 1, p. 012034). IOP https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012034
Ng, C.K., Ramesh, S., Tan, C.Y., Muchtar, A., Somalu, M.R., Lew, W.S., Ting, C.H., Chuah, Y.D. and Sutharsini, U., 2019, June. Thermal stability behaviour of Scandia stabilised zirconia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 268, No. 1, p. 012078). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/268/1/012078
Ting, M.L., Ting, C.H., Chin, K.L., Yeo, W.H., Jun, H.K., Ng, C.K. and Singh, R., 2019, June. Microwave Sintering of Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 268, No. 1, p. 012053). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/268/1/012053
Wei Ong, Mui Yen Ho, Peck Loo Kiew, Teck Hock Lim, Khok Lun Leong, Shuan Yao Tan, Jin Xiang Lim. In2O3/MoS2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanostructure as Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitors. Key Engineering Materials. 2022. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-bb4r2i
Shuan Yao Tan, Mui Yen Ho, Khok Lun Leong, Wei Ong, Jin Xiang Lim. Synthesis of Graphene / Silver/ Molybdenum Disulphide Composite for Supercapacitor Application. Materials Science Forum, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-u48e5d
M.Y. Ho, P.S. Khiew, W.S. Chiu. Green and Facile Synthesis of Molybdenum Oxide-Graphene Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitor Application. Materials Science Forum. 2016. DOI:10.1007/s10854-017-6391-y.
M.Y. Ho, P.S. Khiew, W.S. Chiu. LiFePO4 - Activated Carbon Composite Electrode as Symmetrical Electrochemical Capacitor in Mild Aqueous Electrolyte. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.627.3
M.Y. Ho, Poi Sim Khiew. Heat-treated Fe3O4 –Activated carbon Nanocomposite for High Performance Electrochemical Capacitor. Advanced Materials Research, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.894.349
Chow, H.M., Koay, S.C., Choo, H.L., Chan, M.Y. and Ong, T.K., 2022, May. Investigating effect of compatibilizer on polymer blend filament from post-used styrofoam and polyethylene for fused deposition modelling. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2222, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP Publishing.
Yap, E.P., Koay, S.C., Chan, M.Y., Choo, H.L., Ong, T.K. and Tshai, K.Y., 2021, December. Recycling polymer blend made from post-used styrofoam and polyethylene for fuse deposition modelling. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2120, No. 1, p. 012021). IOP Publishing.
William, L.J.W., Koay, S.C., Chan, M.Y., Pang, M.M., Ong, T.K. and Tshai, K.Y., 2021, December. Recycling polymer blend made from post-used Styrofoam and polypropylene for fuse deposition modelling. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2120, No. 1, p. 012020). IOP Publishing.
Juarez, C.Z.J., Koay, S.C., Chan, M.Y., Choo, H.L., Pang, M.M. and Ong, T.K., 2021. Finite element analysis study on lattice structure fabricated recycled polystyrene from post-used styrofoam waste. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 335, p. 03007). EDP Sciences.
Sulaiman, M.S.M., Koay, S.C., Chan, M.Y., Choo, H.L., Pang, M.M. and Ong, T.K., 2021. Finite Element Analysis Study on Lattice Structure Fabricated Using Corn Husk Fibre Reinforced Recycled Polystyrene Composite. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 335, p. 03011). EDP Sciences.
Lee, Y.D., Pang, M.M., Koay, S.C., Ong, T.K. and Tshai, K.Y., 2020, May. Effect of empty fruit bunch fibre loading on properties of plasticised polylactic acid biocomposites. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2233, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
Y. Ng, S. C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, H. L. Choo, and T. K. Ong, “Preparation and characterisation of 3D printer filament from post-used styrofoam,” 2020, vol. 020022, no. May, p. 020022.
K. Ong, H. L. Choo, S. M. Lee, and K. Y. Kong, “Oil Palm Wastes as Sustainable Sound Absorbing Particleboard,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 815, no. 1, p. 012010, May 2020.
K. Ong, H. L. Choo, W. J. Choo, S. C. Koay, and M. M. Pang, Recycling of polylactic acid (pla) wastes from 3d printing laboratory. 2020.
P. Yap, S. C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, H. L. Choo, T. K. Ong, and K. Y. Tshai, “Recycling Polymer Blend made from Post-used Styrofoam and Polyethylene for Fuse Deposition Modelling,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 2120, no. 1, p. 012021, Dec. 2021.
J. W. William, S. C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, M. M. Pang, T. K. Ong, and K. Y. Tshai, “Recycling Polymer Blend made from Post-used Styrofoam and Polypropylene for Fuse Deposition Modelling,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 2120, no. 1, p. 012020, Dec. 2021.
S. M. Sulaiman, S. C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, H. L. Choo, M. M. Pang, and T. K. Ong, “Finite Element Analysis Study on Lattice Structure Fabricated Using Corn Husk Fibre Reinforced Recycled Polystyrene Composite,” MATEC Web Conf., vol. 335, p. 03011, Jan. 2021.
Z. J. Juarez, S. C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, H. L. Choo, M. M. Pang, and T. K. Ong, “Finite Element Analysis Study on Lattice Structure Fabricated Recycled Polystyrene from Post-used Styrofoam Waste,” MATEC Web Conf., vol. 335, p. 03007, Jan. 2021.
J. Y. Tong, S. C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, K. Y. Tshai, T. K. Ong, and Y. F. Buys, “Conductive Polymer Composites Made from Polypropylene and Recycled Graphite Scrap,” J. Phys. Sci., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 31–44, Nov. 2021.
M. Chow, S. C. Koay, H. L. Choo, M. Y. Chan, and T. K. Ong, “Investigating effect of compatibilizer on polymer blend filament from post-used styrofoam and polyethylene for fused deposition modelling,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 2222, no. 1, p. 012006, May 2022.
Mohd Eqhwan Iskandar, H. Ruey Ong, M. Maksudur Rahman Khan, R. Ramli, T. K. Ong, and C. S. Hong, “Influence of rice husk based nanosilica in rheological and stability of binary mixture fluid,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 64, pp. A1–A5, 2022.
N. Arulnathan, B. C. W. Koay, W. K. Lai, T. K. Ong, and L. L. Lim, “Background Subtraction for Accurate Palm Oil Fruitlet Ripeness Detection,” in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS), 2022, pp. 48–53.
Ko, R. V. K., Soon, K. H., Siddique, B. M., Jayamani, E., Lee, X. Y., & Palanisamy, S. (2023, May). A comparative study on graft copolymerization of MMA onto wood fiber under microwave and conventional heating. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2484, No. 1, p. 012010). IOP Publishing.
Lee, X. Y.*, Fan, H. W. & Koh, H. J. (2020). Characterization of Electrically Conductive Hydrogels – Polyaniline/Polyacrylamide and Gephene/Polyacrylamide. Materials Science Forum.
Lai, W.K., Phoon, Z.H., Chew, K.H., Kam, M.G. and Ping, Y.C., 2016, November. Image multi-thresholding to characterise the mechanical stability of rubber latex concentrate. In 2016 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Weng Kin Lai, Wen Siu Low, Jay Ming Lim, Khoon Hee Chew, Ping Yong Chua, "A New Approach to Characterize the Quality of Colloids", Proceedings of the Second Asia Pacific Rubber Conference (APRC 2015), pp 82 - 86, October15 – October 16, 2015, Phuket, Thailand.
Tan, M.C., Chan, C.S., Lai, W.K., Chew, K.H. and Chua, P.Y., 2015, October. A Novel Particle Characterization Technique in Enhancing the Mechanical Stability Test for Natural Rubber Latex Concentrate. In Proceedings of the Second Asia Pacific Rubber Conference (APRC 2015 (pp. 72-76).
Book Chapters
Hong, W.T., Ng, C.K. and Johnson, O.A., 2025. Valorisation of food waste into building and construction materials. In Valorisation of Food Waste (pp. 16-34). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032718507.
Umira Asyikin Yusop, Nurul Farhana Abdul Rahman, Tan Kang Huai & Hamimah Abd Rahman.A Comprehensive Study Of BSCF-SDC-Ag 5% Composite Cathode Performance For Low-Temperature SOFC. Materials for Energy: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) (pp 63-82). Penerbit UTHM.
Technical Articles
Wong Yui Hun, Tilly Khoo Zi Li, Mok Qing Yu, Lee Mun Ann, Gabriel Wang Cheng Ming, Danesh A/L Vejendran, Chan Jun Ru, Chan Ming Yeng and Ho Shuh Huey, From Raw Materials to Composites: Different Fabrication Techniques for Unsaturated Polyester/Coconut Coir Fibre Composites. Mind Material, April 2025, Issue 42, pp. 30-32.
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